What's the difference between the template phases like leader, anchor, hypertrophy etc?

Strength - Templates focused on lifting more weight typically with rep counts on the lower side with an emphasis on compound lifts like Squat and Bench Press.

Hypertrophy - Templates focused on gaining larger muscles usually higher reps with exercises focusing on specific muscles.

Leader - 5/3/1 templates that are typically higher volume and less intensity.

Anchors - 5/3/1 templates that are typically lower volume but higher intensity. The most common setup is to run 2 leaders cycles, then run 1 anchor cycle.